![]() How can I prevent disturbing thoughts and feelings in the future?.How can I change my thoughts and feelings about the event?.Specifically, the S-REF model defines rumination as "repetitive thoughts generated by attempts to cope with self-discrepancy that are directed primarily toward processing the content of self-referent information and not toward immediate goal-directed action." Put more simply, when a person ruminates, they aim to answer questions such as: However, the literature suggests that positive distraction may not be as potent a tool as once thought. RST also contends that positive distraction is the healthy alternative to rumination, where focus is directed to positive stimuli instead of to distress. This change was made because rumination has been implicated in a host of disorders, not just depression. Recently, RST has expanded the definition of rumination beyond depression to include passive and repetitive focus on the causes, consequences, and symptoms of one's distress in general. As evidence for this definition, rumination has been implicated in the development, maintenance, and aggravation of both depressive symptoms, as well as episodes of major depression. Response styles theory (RST) initially defined rumination as passively and repetitively focusing on one's symptoms of depression and the possible causes and consequences of these symptoms. Treatments specifically addressing ruminative thought patterns are still in the early stages of development. Multiple tools exist to measure ruminative thoughts. As such, both rumination and worry are associated with anxiety and other negative emotional states however, its measures have not been unified. For example, in the Goal Progress Theory, rumination is conceptualized not as a reaction to a mood state, but as a "response to failure to progress satisfactorily towards a goal". Other theories, however, have proposed different definitions for rumination. īecause the Response Styles Theory has been empirically supported, this model of rumination is the most widely used conceptualization. Rumination is the focused attention on the symptoms of one's mental distress, and on its possible causes and consequences, as opposed to its solutions, according to the Response Styles Theory proposed by Nolen-Hoeksema in 1998. Rumination appears closely related to worry. ![]() doi:10.For other uses, see Rumination (disambiguation). ![]() Beliefs about self-compassion: Implications for coping and self-improvement. Testing the differential effects of acceptance and attention-based psychological interventions on intrusive thoughts and worry. Improving interpersonal skills to overcome the negative effects of overthinking in the disruption era. Pieter R, Nababan D, Ariawan S, Listio S, Ruben S. Rumination as a mechanism linking stressful life events to symptoms of depression and anxiety: longitudinal evidence in early adolescents and adults. ![]() Michl LC, McLaughlin KA, Shepherd K, Nolen-Hoeksema S. Cognitive distortions, humor styles, and depression. Unconscious-Thought Effects Take Place Off-Line, Not On-Line. Rumination-relationship with negative mood and sleep quality. Thomsen DK, Mehlsen MY, Christensen S, Zachariae R. "Thinking too much": A systematic review of a common idiom of distress. Kaiser BN, Haroz EE, Kohrt BA, Bolton PA, Bass JK, Hinton DE.
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